INTRODUCTION
Database
The related information when placed is an organized form makes a database. The organization of data/information is necessary because unorganized information has no meaning.
In dictionary, the words are arranged in alphabetic order along with their meanings.
Database and Computers
Computer has a large storage capacity. It can store thousands of records at a time.
It has high speed, within no time it searches any desired information, arrange the data in alphabetical order, do calculations on the data and make repetitions and so on.
Computer is more accurate.
Data in computers can be stored in the form of a file, records and fields.
There are two approaches for storing data in computers such as File based approach and Database approach.
File Based Approach
File Based system: File-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system that we are all familiar with.
A file system is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them.
File systems may use a storage device such as a hard disk or CD-ROM and involve maintaining the physical location of the files.
Limitations of the File-Based Approach
There are following problems associated with the File Based Approach:
• Separated and Isolated Data
• Duplication of data
• Data Dependence
• Difficulty in representing data from the user’s view
• Data Inflexibility
• Incompatible file formats
Database Approach
In order to remove all the above limitations of the File Based Approach, a new approach was required that must be more effective known as Database approach.
A database is a computer based record keeping system whose over all purpose is to record and maintain information. The database is a single, large repository of data, which can be used simultaneously by many departments and users.
SQL * PLUS
In order to interactively use the SQL commands the Oracle Corporation has provided us the software called SQL *PLUS. This particular software allows us to access oracle databases through written procedure and commands. It allows us to edit, retrieve, perform calculations, print query results, run SQL commands etc. It helps us to copy data between SQL databases and send messages to accept responses from an end user.
Database
The related information when placed is an organized form makes a database. The organization of data/information is necessary because unorganized information has no meaning.
In dictionary, the words are arranged in alphabetic order along with their meanings.
Database and Computers
Computer has a large storage capacity. It can store thousands of records at a time.
It has high speed, within no time it searches any desired information, arrange the data in alphabetical order, do calculations on the data and make repetitions and so on.
Computer is more accurate.
Data in computers can be stored in the form of a file, records and fields.
There are two approaches for storing data in computers such as File based approach and Database approach.
File Based Approach
File Based system: File-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system that we are all familiar with.
A file system is a method for storing and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them.
File systems may use a storage device such as a hard disk or CD-ROM and involve maintaining the physical location of the files.
Limitations of the File-Based Approach
There are following problems associated with the File Based Approach:
• Separated and Isolated Data
• Duplication of data
• Data Dependence
• Difficulty in representing data from the user’s view
• Data Inflexibility
• Incompatible file formats
Database Approach
In order to remove all the above limitations of the File Based Approach, a new approach was required that must be more effective known as Database approach.
A database is a computer based record keeping system whose over all purpose is to record and maintain information. The database is a single, large repository of data, which can be used simultaneously by many departments and users.
SQL * PLUS
In order to interactively use the SQL commands the Oracle Corporation has provided us the software called SQL *PLUS. This particular software allows us to access oracle databases through written procedure and commands. It allows us to edit, retrieve, perform calculations, print query results, run SQL commands etc. It helps us to copy data between SQL databases and send messages to accept responses from an end user.
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